Discourse Markers in Narrative Essays: A Case Study of Jordanian High School EFL Learners

This study explores the use and functions of discourse markers (DMs) in narrative essays 85 Jordanian high school students adopting Frasers’s (2006) framework. The results show that most frequently used DMs were elaborative (55.1%), followed by temporal (31.4%), inferential (9.3%) contrastive (4%) respectively. Regarding DMs, reveal participants employed to express addition information, sequence events, introduce reasons or contrast. also indicate commonly (97.9%), but (90.9%), because (76%). occurrence some may be considered a strategy adopted learners avoid using unknown DMs. In addition, showcase number factors have influenced such as literal translation, lack knowledge overgeneralization. recommends textbooks teach English schools should incorporate more attention particularly from functional perspective.